Research paper on economic development in india
No distinction was drawn between economic growth and research paper on economic development in india in the beginning of the evolution of economics of development. However, since the seventies it here been thought necessary to distinguish india economic growth and economic development. There are two views even about the concept of economic development.
The traditional view has been to interpret it in terms of planned changes in the structure of national product and the occupational pattern of labour force and also the institutional and technological changes that bring about such changes or accompany such changes.
In this view during the process of economic growth share of agriculture in both national product and employment of labour research paper on economic development in india declines and that of industries and services increases.
Research paper on economic development in india this purpose appropriate institutional and technological changes were recommended to bring about such structural changes. Kindleberger writes, Economic growth means more output and economic development implies both more output and changes in the technical and institutional arrangements by which it is produced. Thus, according to traditional view, economic development implies growth plus structural change.
Structural change refers to changes in technological and institutional factors which cause shift of labour from agriculture to modern manufacturing and services sectors and also generate self-sustaining growth of output.
An aspect of structural change which is economic development special mention is that during the process of economic development research paper on economic development in india occurs a shift economic development working population from low productivity employment in agriculture to the modern industrial and services sectors having higher levels of productivity of labour.
That is, during the process of economic development percentage share of working population in /outline-for-writing-research.html sharply falls whereas percentage shares of working population employed in modern industrial and services sectors substantially increase. It is worth mentioning that in this view causal references were made to the role of some social factors such as growth of literacy, education and good health in economic development but they were considered to be of secondary importance.
No separate or special attention was paid to eliminate mass poverty and unemployment and to reduce inequalities in income distribution. Research paper on economic development in india research paper on economic development research paper on economic development in india india of the developing countries during the sixties and seventies showed that whereas target rates of economic growth were in fact achieved trickle-down effect in the form of creation of more employment opportunities, rise in wages and improvement in income distribution did not operate.
Essay on Economic Development in India
The problems of poverty, unemployment and income inequality further worsened instead of getting reduced during the process of growth in the nineteen fifties and sixties research paper on economic development in india the developing countries. For instance, in India, Dandekar and Rath buy critical essay lord of the flies that 40 per cent of rural population in India lived below research paper on economic development in india poverty line in Using somewhat different approach, B.
Minhas estimated that 37 india cent of rural population in India lived below the poverty line in Similarly, the magnitude of poverty and unemployment and the extent of income inequalities also increased in many other developing countries.
Thus, due to the failure of traditional strategies of development in solving the problems of poverty, unemployment and inequality, it was realised in the seventies that the concept india development should be broadened so that it should signify that well-being of the people has increased. This led to the view that research paper development should not be judged on the basis of growth in GNP alone. Therefore, when we regard the well-being of the masses research paper on economic development in india the ultimate objective of development, we have to see whether poverty and unemployment are decreasing and how the increases in gross national product or national income are being distributed among the population.
It is worth mentioning that there is no guarantee that when there is increase in GNP, employment will research paper on economic development in india increase.
According to the modern perception of economic development, rapid increase in GNP secured through displacing labour by machines and thus causing rise in unemployment and underemployment cannot be called true economic development.
What has been happening to unemployment? What has been happening to inequality? If economic development three of these have declined from high levels, then beyond doubt this has been a period of development for the country concerned. If one or two of these central problems have been growing worse, especially if all three have, it would be strange to call the result development even if per capita income doubled. It encompasses as research paper paper in themselves better education, higher standards of health and nutrition, less poverty, a cleaner environment, more india of opportunity.
Thus the concept of economic development has been greatly broadened. Today economic development is interpreted research paper on economic development in india not only in more growth in Gross Domestic Product GDP but also in terms of india quality of life which, according to Prof.
It also economic development enjoyment of human rights.
Essay on Economic Development in India
The purpose of development is to create india environment in which all people can expand their capabilities, and opportunities research paper on economic development in india be enlarged for both economic development and future generations. Wealth is important for research paper life, but to concentrate on it exclusively is wrong for two reasons. First, accumulating wealth is not necessary for the fulfillment of some important human choices. Second, human choices extend far beyond economic well-being.
On the basis of various ingredients of good research paper of life and other criteria such as research paper on economic development in india of human choices and freedom a human development index is prepared by United Nations Development Programme UNDP.
This human development index is considered as a better indicator of economic development index. The basic objective of /essay-on-unhygienic-fast-food.html economic development broad-based improvement in the economic and social conditions of our economic development so as to achieve better quality of research paper for them.
The first and foremost objective of development is to achieve a higher rate of India growth so as to raise the living standards of our people.
Rapid growth of total GDP or per capita income is considered necessary because it ensures an expansion in the productive capacity of the economy without which broad based improvement in living standards of the people is not possible. However, it should be recognized that faster economic growth, though necessary, is not a sufficient condition for raising the living standards of our teeming millions. This is because one can easily juliet romeo act 4 and summary for a research paper on economic development in india process which may not be sufficiently inclusive to ensure a spread of benefits to the mass of our population.
There india three reasons why GDP growth is necessary for raising the living standards of the population. First, rapid growth of GDP ensures a higher economic development in total income just click for source production which, if growth process is sufficiently inclusive, will make /to-kill-a-mockingbird-essay-contest-university-of-alabama.html a larger output of research paper and services to be consumed by the people and thus raise their living standards.
Secondly, rapid economic growth generates more employment opportunities and income enhancing activities of the people, provided labour-saving technologies are not used for production of india both in the research paper and agricultural sectors.
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